Description: Reverse reads: "Youngstown Steel + Tube. Stipping [Stripping] Ingots, Youngstown. Photograph by W. A. Bartz." Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company plant, east from Center Street Bridge in Youngstown, Ohio at one time made most of America’s steel pipe and tubing. The “new” seamless tube mill, which simply plunges a hole through a solid cylinder of steel, furnished completed tubing far stronger than was possible under the old lap and butt welding process. The Youngstown Iron Sheet and Tube Company was one of the largest steel manufacturers in the world. The company was created by George D. Wick and James A. Campbell along with other local investors who wanted to maintain significant levels of local ownership within the city's manufacturing sector, on November 23, 1900. The home plant of YS&T was known as the Campbell Works located in Campbell and Struthers, Ohio (just south of downtown Youngstown). This plant contained four blast furnaces, twelve open hearth furnaces, blooming mills, two Bessemer converters, slabbing mill, butt weld tube mill, 79" hot strip mill, seamless tube mills and 9" and 12" bar mills at the Struthers Works. The Brier Hill Works consisted of two blast furnaces named Grace and Jeannette, twelve open hearth furnaces, 40" blooming mill, 35" intermediate blooming mill, 24" round mill, 84" and 132" plate mills and an electric weld tube mill. In 1952, during the Korean War, President Harry S. Truman attempted to seize United States steel mills in order to avert a strike. This led to the U.S. Supreme Court decision of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer, commonly referred to as The Steel Seizure Case. The decision limited the power of the President of the United States to seize private property in the absence of either specifically enumerated authority under Article Two of the United States Constitution or statutory authority conferred on him by Congress. Youngstown Sheet and Tube abruptly closed on September 19, 1977, a day the residents called “Black Monday”. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F02_003_001
Subjects: Industries--Ohio--Youngstown; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown; Steel ingots
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Youngstown Sheet and Tube. Credit W.A. Bartz." This photo depicts an interior view of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube factory in Youngstown, Ohio. At one time, the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company plant made most of America's steel pipe and tubing; the company was one of the largest steel manufacturers in the world. Youngstown Sheet and Tube was founded by George D. Wick and James A. Campbell along with other local investors, who wanted to maintain significant levels of local ownership within the city's manufacturing sector, on November 23, 1900. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F11_004_1
Subjects: Industries--Ohio--Youngstown; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown; Works Progress Administration of Ohio (U.S.)
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: National Guard soldiers patrolling east Youngstown after a striking steelworkers riot at Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio, January 1916. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03657
Subjects: Ohio. National Guard; Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Youngstown Sheet & Tube. Credit W.A. Bartz." This photograph shows man rubber belts criss-crossing from machine to ceiling, turning the wheels of spinning spools of, what is most likely, steel tubing. Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company plant, east from Center Street Bridge in Youngstown, Ohio at one time made most of America’s steel pipe and tubing. The “new” seamless tube mill, which simply plunges a hole through a solid cylinder of steel, furnished completed tubing far stronger than was possible under the old lap and butt welding process. The Youngstown Iron Sheet and Tube Company was one of the largest steel manufacturers in the world. The company was created by George D. Wick and James A. Campbell along with other local investors who wanted to maintain significant levels of local ownership within the city's manufacturing sector, on November 23, 1900. The home plant of YS&T was known as the Campbell Works located in Campbell and Struthers, Ohio (just south of downtown Youngstown). This plant contained four blast furnaces, twelve open hearth furnaces, blooming mills, two Bessemer converters, slabbing mill, butt weld tube mill, 79" hot strip mill, seamless tube mills and 9" and 12" bar mills at the Struthers Works. The Brier Hill Works consisted of two blast furnaces named Grace and Jeannette, twelve open hearth furnaces, 40" blooming mill, 35" intermediate blooming mill, 24" round mill, 84" and 132" plate mills and an electric weld tube mill. In 1952, during the Korean War, President Harry S. Truman attempted to seize United States steel mills in order to avert a strike. This led to the U.S. Supreme Court decision of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer, commonly referred to as The Steel Seizure Case. The decision limited the power of the President of the United States to seize private property in the absence of either specifically enumerated authority under Article Two of the United States Constitution or statutory authority conferred on him by Congress. Youngstown Sheet and Tube abruptly closed on September 19, 1977, a day the residents called “Black Monday”. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F02_026_001
Subjects: Industries--Ohio--Youngstown; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Youngstown Sheet & Tube. Credit W. A. Bartz." This photograph shows the length of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube plant. A crane hangs in the center, used for transporting heavy steel ingots from one end to the other. Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company plant, east from Center Street Bridge in Youngstown, Ohio at one time made most of America’s steel pipe and tubing. The “new” seamless tube mill, which simply plunges a hole through a solid cylinder of steel, furnished completed tubing far stronger than was possible under the old lap and butt welding process. The Youngstown Iron Sheet and Tube Company was one of the largest steel manufacturers in the world. The company was created by George D. Wick and James A. Campbell along with other local investors who wanted to maintain significant levels of local ownership within the city's manufacturing sector, on November 23, 1900. The home plant of YS&T was known as the Campbell Works located in Campbell and Struthers, Ohio (just south of downtown Youngstown). This plant contained four blast furnaces, twelve open hearth furnaces, blooming mills, two Bessemer converters, slabbing mill, butt weld tube mill, 79" hot strip mill, seamless tube mills and 9" and 12" bar mills at the Struthers Works. The Brier Hill Works consisted of two blast furnaces named Grace and Jeannette, twelve open hearth furnaces, 40" blooming mill, 35" intermediate blooming mill, 24" round mill, 84" and 132" plate mills and an electric weld tube mill. In 1952, during the Korean War, President Harry S. Truman attempted to seize United States steel mills in order to avert a strike. This led to the U.S. Supreme Court decision of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer, commonly referred to as The Steel Seizure Case. The decision limited the power of the President of the United States to seize private property in the absence of either specifically enumerated authority under Article Two of the United States Constitution or statutory authority conferred on him by Congress. Youngstown Sheet and Tube abruptly closed on September 19, 1977, a day the residents called “Black Monday”. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F02_029_001
Subjects: Industries--Ohio--Youngstown; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Steelworkers use a mud gun in the cast house at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Campbell Works, East Youngstown (Campbell), Ohio, ca. 1930-1939. The mud gun swung from an arm mounted on a pedestal in the cast house. The clay plugged the hole by plugging or screwing in the clay. The plugging method varied depending on the type of gun being used at the time. The gun could be powered by steam or an electric motor. After every use, the gun needed cleaning and the clay was discarded. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05609
Subjects: Blast furnaces--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Iron and steel workers--Ohio
Places: East Youngstown (Ohio); Campbell (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: A steelworker plugs the cinder notch in the cast house at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Campbell Works, East Youngstown (Campbell), Ohio, ca. 1930-1939. Workers first flushed the slag out of the blast furnace at the cinder notch. Then they used a long steel bar called a bott to plug the cinder notch. At the end of the bar was the cinder notch plug, or the monkey bott. Later, at the end of the monkey bott was an oxygen lance. The worker operating the monkey bott was called a keeper. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05610
Subjects: Blast furnaces--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Iron and steel workers--Ohio
Places: East Youngstown (Ohio); Campbell (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is an advertisement depicting the Mahoning Bank Building in Youngstown, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0140_B03F47_003
Subjects: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Construction; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown
Places: Younsgstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows a factory in the Mahoning Valley region, specifically in Youngstown, Ohio. The railroad tracks are separated from the factory by the river, which is spanned by a bridge in the distance. The factory, which features a number of billowing smokestacks, was most likely part of the steel industry in the Youngstown area. After getting its start in steel in the 1880s, Youngstown was second only to Pittsburgh in terms of total steel production in the United States by the 1920s. Though hampered by labor conflicts and the Great Depression, the industry continued to grow through World War II. With the further growth of the automobile industry in the years following the war and its demand for steel, Youngstown's economy expanded even more. This economic growth slowed in the late 20th century, as the steel industry across the United States began to decline. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F09_001_1
Subjects: Mahoning River; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Factories; Manufacturing industries--Ohio
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Loveland Farms, Youngstown, Ohio, ca. 1919. This housing development contained several housing types and styles consistent with the time period in which they were constructed. This included bungalows and the Arts and Crafts style. Loveland Farms had many amenities such as parks, playgrounds and sports teams. These homes were located on the southside of Youngstown. The Loveland Farms development was the most exclusive of the Sheet and Tube housing developments, only offering homes to skilled workmen, foremen and superintendents. They were available for purchase to white American-born employees of the company only. The Buckeye Land Company would offer these homes with life insurance policies to qualified employees of the company. Other housing complexes were built to house foreign-born and African American workers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05527
Subjects: Steel industry and trade--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Architecture and Engineering; Mills and mill-work--Ohio; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Group photograph showing Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company Superintendent William C. Reilly (middle row, fifth from the left) and other members of Youngstown Sheet and Tube's operating department, ca. 1920-1929. Reilly began his career as an assistant to James Campbell while both worked at Republic Iron and Steel Company. Upon the founding of Youngstown Sheet and Tube in 1900, Reilly joined the new company as auditor. Reilly later was promoted to general superintendent in charge of the company's operating department. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05567
Subjects: Youngstown (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History;
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: A photograph of the Buckeye Land Company Office in Youngstown, Ohio, ca. 1910-1919. The Buckeye Land Company, a subsidiary of Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, provided housing for Youngstown Sheet and Tube employees. Organized by James A. Campbell, Youngstown Sheet and Tube appropriated $250,000 for the project in May 1916. Eventually the company would complete four housing developments: Blackburn Plat, Overlook Plat, Highview Plat, and Loveland Farms. These neighborhoods not only provided the steelworkers and their families affordable and modern housing, but also provided them with a sense of community. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05569
Subjects: Youngstown (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History;
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)